Bleeding Kansas:  A Prelude to War

The 1820 Missouri Compromise admitted Maine to the Union as a free state and Missouri as a slave state, maintaining a balance in Congress of 12 states each, and prohibited slavery north of latitude 36'30".  However, when the Kansas - Nebraska act was passed on May 30, 1854, it effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise.  The act opened the Kansas and Nebraska territories to legal settlement and gave the settlers the right to choose whether they would enter the Union as free or slave states.

At that time the population of Missouri was fairly evenly divided between pro-slavery settlers with Southern roots and free-thinking, pro-abolition immigrants, mostly German.  As it happened, the greatest concentration of pro-slavery Missourians lived in the southwest corner of the state, on the Kansas border.  With no natural border between the states to serve as a deterrent, confrontations between the two factions were common, fierce, and frequently deadly.


For a more in-depth look at the time known as "Bleeding Kansas", check out the Fort Scott National Historic Site homepage.

Wikipedia has an article on  Bleeding Kansas here.

The Missouri - Kansas Border War Network has another great site on the subject.

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